Many people think religious claims are untestable, making it impossible to make an objective, reasoned choice as to which religion you should adopt. You just have to pick the one that fits your personal preferences, your family tradition, etc. Mark Mittelberg challenges this view in his book, Choosing Your Faith In a World of Spiritual Options.
Mittelberg starts with a question that religious people often do not even consider: Why choose any faith at all? His answer is interesting: because you don’t have an option. We all place our faith in something. The question is whether or not that faith is justified or not; true or not. Contrary to popular belief, answering this question is possible.
Before he delves into the principles by which we can test worldview claims, he discusses and evaluates six faith paths that most people use to determine their beliefs, showing how each is deficient:
- Pragmatism and Relativism = Whatever works for you is true for you. Problems: 1. Competing truth claims cannot both be right; 2. No one really believes that their worldview is just true for them.
- Tradition = That’s what I was taught, and I’ve always believed it. Problems: 1. It is always possible to be taught something that is false; 2. It provides no way of adjudicating between competing traditions, and thus provides no basis for thinking your traditions are true and others’ are false.
- Authority = I believe it because so-and-so says it’s true. Problems: 1. Authorities can be mistaken; 2. Authorities contradict one another, so some authorities must be mistaken; 3. What reasons does the authority have for claiming X is true?
- Intuition and Feelings = I believe whatever feels right to me. Problems: 1. Other people feel competing truth claims are right, but both can’t be right. This demonstrates that feelings are not reliable guides to truth; 2. Our hearts can deceive us.
- Mysticism = “God told me X is true,” or “I had an experience that confirms X is true.” Problems: 1. Just because you feel something does not mean what you are feeling is real; 2. We can mistake feelings for spiritual realities; 3. Feelings and experiences may be real, but that does not mean they are good (such as demonic encounters).
- Empiricism = I’ll only believe what I can see and experience. Problem: Some knowledge is not dependent on empirical or sensory experience to be justified, such as history.
Mittelberg rejects these faith paths in favor of the evidential faith path, by which he means a combination of good reason and experience. This faith path employs basic principles by which all worldviews can be tested, sifting the credible from the incredible until we finally narrow down our options to one.
One principle for sifting worldview claims is to test them logically and empirically. Mittelberg offers 20 evidences of this nature that support the Christian worldview including the beginning and exquisite fine-tuning of the universe, the origin of biological information, the existence of an objective moral law, confirmation of the historical accuracy of the Bible, miracles, fulfilled prophecies, and the resurrection of Jesus from the dead.
Mittelberg ends the book appropriately by discussing barriers to faith, and helping his readers overcome them:
- Lack of information
- Lack of openness
- Intellectual doubt
- Lack of experience
- Lifestyle issues
- Personal hurts
- Sense of control
- Anger
- Discomfort
- Disinterest
- Fear
- Oversimplicity
I would highly recommend this book for both believers and unbelievers alike. It will help Christians be confident that they have chosen the proper faith, and help guide unbelievers through the process of choosing their faith wisely, all the while gently leading them toward Christianity through an application of the principles of the book as it proceeds along.
October 17, 2011 at 3:27 pm
The conversions we see in the book of Acts seem to be more experiential than logically and empiracally thought out.
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October 17, 2011 at 4:01 pm
If you mean to say that Acts doesn’t support a thoughtful approach to faith in which one considers the claims of Christianity from a rational perspective, I don’t think that’s the case. Surely there were conversions based largely on experience such as the onlookers in Acts 2, Saul, the Philippian jailer, and Cornelius’ household (I should note, though, that it was not religious experience in a general sense, but the working of the miraculous that was largely responsible for these conversions–something that rarely happens in the presentation of the Gospel these days).
But in other cases there was either an exposition and debate about Scripture that took place first (when dealing with Jews), or a rational debate (when dealing with Gentiles). Consider the following passages:
Acts 17:2-4 Then Paul, as his custom was, went in to them, and for three Sabbaths reasoned with them from the Scriptures, explaining and demonstrating that the Christ had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, “This Jesus whom I preach to you is the Christ.” And some of them were persuaded; and a great multitude of the devout Greeks, and not a few of the leading women, joined Paul and Silas.
Acts 17:17 Therefore he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and with the Gentile worshipers, and in the marketplace daily with those who happened to be there.
Acts 17:22-31 Then Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus and said, “Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious; for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you: God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands. Nor is He worshiped with men’s hands, as though He needed anything, since He gives to all life, breath, and all things. And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, so that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us; for in Him we live and move and have our being, as also some of your own poets have said, “For we are also His offspring.’ Therefore, since we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold or silver or stone, something shaped by art and man’s devising. Truly, these times of ignorance God overlooked, but now commands all men everywhere to repent, because He has appointed a day on which He will judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He has ordained. He has given assurance of this to all by raising Him from the dead.”
Acts 18:4 And he reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath, and persuaded both Jews and Greeks.
Acts 18:19 And he came to Ephesus, and left them there; but he himself entered the synagogue and reasoned with the Jews.
Acts 18:28 For he [Apollos] vigorously refuted the Jews publicly, showing from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ.
And I’ll be the first to admit that most people do not think through their faith before conversion. They convert largely for experiential or emotional reasons. But there are those who do think it through, and for them, we need resources like Mittelberg’s book to help them in their faith journey. There are many tools needed to get a single job done.
Jason
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October 18, 2011 at 10:57 am
I was wrong. Thanks for a thoughtful explanation. I had forgotten about the many verses in which Paul reasons with his Jewish brethren.
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October 24, 2011 at 1:29 pm
J.W. Wartick has a post worth reading along the same lines as this post regarding principles for evaluating worldviews.
http://jwwartick.com/2011/10/24/worldview-evaluation/?mid=50
Jason
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